Panoramic camera.



N0. 893,819. PATENTED JULY 21, 1908.

J. s. STEWART. PANORAMIG CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

I l l l I I l I With eases J. S. STEWART.

PANORAMIG GAMERA.. APPLICATION FILED JAN.2,-1907.

PATENTED JULY 21, 1908.

e sums-sum Jig-5 PATENTED JULY 21, 1908.

J. S. STEWART. PANORAMIU CAMERA.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 2, 1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

In wegfar M ME. am W PATENTED JULY 21, 1908.

No. 893,819. J. s. STEWART.

PANORAMIG CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1907.

B SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 893,819. PATENTED JULY 21, 1908. J. S. STEWART.

PANORAMIG CAMERA.

. APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 2, 1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

)yiilgessas No. 893,819. PATENTED JULY 21, 1908.

I J. S. STEWART.

PANORAMIO CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1907. x

- 6 SHEETQ SHEBT 6.

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$7 w I 54 34 5 @1 W 39 57 fly m i WITNESSES: I I. INVENTOR.

I I By p M ATTORN UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. JAMES S. STEWART, OFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, AND THOMAS OLIVER AND.T. C. YEAGER, BOTH OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AND T. M. BUTLER, OF NOBLES-VILLE, INDIANA.

PANORAMIC CAMERA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 21, 1908.

Application filed January 2, 1907. Serial No. 350,451.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, JAMES S. STEWART, citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inPanoramic Cameras; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to a novel construc tion in a panoramic camera,the object being to provide an eflicient and very compact device of thischaracter in which the operating mechanism is entirely inclosed and isdis posed in what would constitute waste space on the instrument and inwhich the area of exposure, and the time and strength thereof may bereadily and easily adjusted, and consists in the features ofconstruction and combinations of parts hereinafter fully described andclaimed.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention: Figure 1 is aside elevation of a panoramic camera constructed in accord- V ance withmy invention, the outer casing bemg removed. Fig. 2 is a top plan view-of the same, the casing being removed. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of thesame, the casing be ing removed and part of the top and bottom platesbeing broken away. Fig. 4 is a bottom plan View of the same, the casingbeing removed. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the same on the side oppositeto that illustrated in Fig. 1, the casing being removed. Fig. 6 is adetail view of a turn table forming part of the operating mechanism.Fig. 7 is a detail view of a governor employed. Fig. 8 is a fragmentarydetail view in elevation showing means employed for determining the areaof exposure of the film. Fig. 9 is a bottom plan view of a plungeremployed. Fig. 10 is a detail view in elevation of a lever employed samebeingshown in bottom plan and in reverse of its actual position. Fig. 11is a top plan view of a plate forming part of the regulating meansemployed. Fig. 12 is a front elevation of the camera in its casing. Fig.13 is a view in side elevation of the camera in its casing, the latterbeing partly broken away. Fig. 14 is a detail fragmentary plan sectionon the line 14-14 of Fig. 12 the bottom plate being broken away and alloperating mechanism except certain levers and parts connected with andoperated thereby being omitted. Fig. 15 is a fragmentary detail verticallongitudinal section showing a stop lever employed.

One object of my invention is to provide a panoramic camera whichoccupies no more space than is occupied by the ordinary box or fixedfocus camera so that the same may be easily carried and handled, and inwhich the operating mechanism is entirely inclosed in the box or casing,such mechanism being disposed within s aceswithin the box or casingrendered available by the employment of traveling film.

A further object of my invention is to provide simple and efficientmeans whereby the length or area of each exposure, the time of suchexposure, and the strength thereof may be readily adjusted andcontrolled by means accessible from the exterior of the casing.

A further and important object of my invention is to provide simple andeflicient means for causing the film to travel at a speed exactlyproportioned to the speed of travel of the lens in order to produce aclear continuous picture all parts of which are uni formly exposed andin which no breaks or blurs are produced by reason of variations inrelative speed of travel of the film and lens.

Owing to the fact that in panoramic cameras, the film travels relativelyto the lens or vice versa, and that only a very narrow vertical stripthereof is exposed at a time, the

' camera body proper may obviously be made very narrow so that forexample, in a 4x5 fixed focus camera the body of the camera need be onlyan inch or less in width, thus leaving spaces on each side thereofwithin the casing to receive the operating mechanism. Cameras of thischaracter are employed only for landscape and similar work so that thefixed focus type answers best all the requirements thereof. These factsI have taken advantage of in the embodiment of my invention, and, asshown in Fig. 2 contract the camera body at its rear end portion to forma narrow light shaft 16 in alinement with the lens and over the rear endof which the film travels, the latter leaving the reel or spool 50 andbeing wound upon the reel or spool 51 as will be hereinafter described.The camera body is revolubly mounted upon the shaft of a turn-table 33consisting of a relatively large spur-gear which is pro vided in thecenter of its lower face with a threaded opening 33 which is adapted toreceive the thumb-screw of the supporting tripod to maintain saidturntable rigid with the latter. The shaft 33 of said spurgear is rigidtherewith and is loose relatively to the camera body which is suitablypivotally mounted thereon. Meshing with said spurgear is a spur-pinion32 which is rigid with a spur gear 32 revolubly mounted on a stud 67disposed in the end of an arm 52 pivotally mounted on the shaft of thespur gear 33, said arm having a segmental projection 56 at its free endextending to one side thereof. On the bottom wall of the camera is a Y-shaped metal frame 48 having legs at two of its free ends by means ofwhich it is secured thereto, one arm thereof being provided with asegmental slot 69 concentric with said shaft of said spur-gear andthrough which a setscrew 32 entering a threaded opening in the free endof said segmental projection 56 passes, said set-screw serving to holdsaid arm 32" in any desired position relatively to said frame 48. Thesaid spur-gear 32 meshes with the spur pinion 31 disposed on the lowerend of a vertical shaft 66, said spur gear being removable and beingadapted. to be replaced by spur-gears of varying diameters for reasonshereinafter set forth. The said arm 32 enables the position. of thespurgear 32 to be adjusted to accord with different sizes of said spurpinions 31. Said shaft 66 carries a bevel-gear 29 which meshes with thebevel pinion 29 on the horizontal shaft 29 suitably journaled inbearings on the base-plate 15 of the camera. At the other end of saidshaft is a bevel pinion 29 which meshes with a bevel pinion 23 on asecond horizontal shaft 29, the latter carrying a spur pinion 22 bymeans of which said shaft is geared to the spring motor 18 through theintermediacy of the spur gears 20, 21 and 19, the shafts of said gears20 and 21 and the drive-shaft of the motor being journaled at one end inthe frame 17. The said motor 18 is thus geared to said shaft 66 and saidturntable 33, and by reason of the rigid relation. of the latter to thesupporting tripod, the motor, when in operation will revolve the camerathereon. 011 said shaft 66 above the bottom plate 15 of the camera, is adrum 46 between which and a spring pressed idler 47 the film is engagedand fed. The said film is taken from the spool 50, passed over an idler49 and between the drum. 46 and idler 47 and wound upon the spool 51,the latter being disposed upon the shaft of a friction clutch 54 ofsuitable construction which is geared to said shaft 66 through theintermediacy of the gears 30, and 30 said clutch being adapted to exertonly suflicient friction on said spool 51 to revolve the same and theshaft 52 but not sufficient to draw or stretch the film, being merelyintended to take up the film as rapidly as the same is fed .with a rigidpart of the framework.

by said drum 46. Said spool 51 is, however, held against rotationrelatively to said shaft 52. The shaft of the idler 47 is jo'urnaled atits ends in the free ends of arms 47 of the vertical shaft 47 the lattercarrying an arm 47 below the bottom plate 15 which is connected at itsfree end with one end of a tension spring 47" connected. at its otherend The motor 18 is disposed upon one side of the light-shaft 16 and isgeared to a horizontally disposed ball-governor on the opposite side ofsaid light-shaft through the inte'rmediacy of said shaft 29, the pinion23 and gears 24, 25 and. 26 and interposed pinions. The said governor isof well-known construction comprising the two pivoted arms carrying theballs or weights 28 and connected. between their ends by means ofsuitable links with a cross head on a collar 27 longitudinally movableon the shaft 28 on which is a spiral compression. spring 29 against theaction of which the said collar is moved as the balls are spread bycentrifugal force. The shaft 28 is journaled at one end in the frame 17.

Before proceeding further with the description of the operatingmechanism .l. desire to call attention to the fact that the lens of thecamera is always open, while adjacent the rear end of the light-shaft 16is disposed a leaf of greater width than said light-shaft and mounted atone end on a shaft 55 the axis of which is practically flush with oneside wall of said light-shaft. The said leaf 55 serves simultaneously asshutter and diaphragm the term. diaphragm, being herein used in thesense that said shutter serves to determine the number of light raysconcentrated upon the film when exposed by controlling the width of theopening through which the light penetrates to the film, although saidshutter doesnot perform all of the functions of the diaphragm asordii'iarily understood in photography. At its lower end said shaft 55'carries an arm 55 hav m a projection at its free end which enters alongitudinal slot in one end of a lever 55", pivotally mounted betweenits ends on the frame work and at its other end connected with a link 35engaged and normally held. at one limit of its movement by a spiralspring 35" the latter serving to maintain the shutter normally open. Onsaid link 35 is a projection 35 at one side which is adapted to engagethe free end of a depending arm pivotally connected at its other endwith the starting lever 43, said free end of said arm passing through aslot in the bottom wall of the camera and being disposed in the path ofand adapted to hol d said link 35 at the rearward limit of its movementagainst the action of said spring 35, to maintain the shutter 55 closed.Said starting lever 43 is pivotally mounted between its ends on a partof the framework, the forward end thereof proj ecting through a slot 43in the front wall of the camera and its other end being provided with aprojection 43 bearing on the periphcry of said disk 27 of the governor,being maintained in peripheral contact with the latter by means of aspring 59 and acting as a brake to prevent operation of the motor. Thesaid arm 58 is pivotally secured to said last-named end portion of theleveri43 between the ends thereof so that by depressing the forward endof said lever said arm 58 will be raised out of the path of saidprojection 35 and the link 35 will thus be moved forward by the springthus opening the shutter 55 and throwing said projection 35 into thepath of the lower end of the arm 58 to maintain said lever 43 out ofcontact with the'disk 27, and thus permitting the motor to start.

Attention is'now directed to Fig. 12, illustrating the front elevationof the camera. It will be seen that below said slot 43 is a lateral slot42 the upper wall of which is provided with recesses 42 above whichconsecutively appear numerals 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20 and 30 respectivelyand through said slot the end of a lever 42 projects by means of whichthe speed of the motor is governed so as to cause the same to completelyrevolve the camera in substantially the number of seconds represented bythe aforesaid nu merals impressed above said recesses 42'. F or example,if the light is such as to require the longest possible exposure thelever 42 is turned to register with the recess 30 whereupon the motor isretarded as subsequently explained to require substantiallythirty'seconds to completely revolve the camera, and proportionatelylong time for any fraction of a revolution.

In the lower right hand corner of the front plate of the camera is alateral slot through which the end of a lever 39 projects, said slotbeing provided in its upper wall with recesses 38 above whichconsecutively appear the numerals 1 to 6 inclusive, the said lever 39controlling the number of film surfaces of given area each to be exposedor, in other words, determining the length of the picture. For exampleif a film five inches wide is used and each exposure is four inches inlength, then if said lever 39 registers with recess 1 the film willtravel until four inches thereof has been exposed, and if set toregister with recess 3, the film will be caused to travel until twelveinches thereof have been exposed. Below said slot 70 is a slot 71through which one end of a lever 40 projects, the upper wall of saidslot being provided with recesses 72 above which consecutively appearthe numerals 1 to 5 inclusive, the sa d lever 40 serving to control thediaphragmh opening of the camera, that is, it controls the are throughwhich the shutter 55 is swung when opened so as to regulate the width ofthe slot through which the light penetrates to the film from one-eighthto five eighths of an inch, for example, each of said numerals 1 to 5representing the smallest and multiples of the smallest opening throughwhich exposure is effected.

The manner in which the respective levers 42, 39 and 40 control theoperating mechanism I will now describe in detail.

The lever 42 is pivotally secured to a part of the frame work at itsinnermost end and is provided between its ends with an arm 42 which atits free end is disposed in the path of the disk 27 of the governor inthe latters movement against the action of the spring 28 the position ofsaid arm 42 being determined by the position of said lever 42 and in itsturn determining the degree of opening of the governor and consequentlyits speed of rotation, That is to say that if said arm 42 is disposed sofar inwardly of the normal position of said disk 27 as to enable theweights 28 to spread almost to their limit, then the motor (andgovernor) will have attained and will maintain a relatively high speed,but if said arm is so disposed relatively to said disk 27 as to preventthe said weights 28 from spreading to any considerable degree, then thespeed of the motor will obviously be retarded by reason of the frictionto which the said disk is subjected when forced into contact with thesaid projection by the spreading of said weights.

The lever 39 controls the length of film exposed in the followingmanner. Referring to Figs. 1 and 3, it will be noted that said turntableor spur-gear 33 is provided on its upper face with a plurality of pins33 disposed spirally with reference to the axis of said turntable, saidpins serving as stops to determine the are through which the cameratravels. On the frame work of the latter a depending arm 34 is pivotallymounted which at its free end passes through a slotin the bottom wall ofthe camera disposed substantially radially relatively to the axis ofrotation of said camera and in which said arm 34 swings substantiallyradially relatively to the said axis. The said arm terminates at a pointabove the plane of the u per ends of said pins 33 and carries a smalfdepending plate 34 hung on the lower end of a flat spring 34 secured tosaid arm 34 between the ends thereof and serving to normally maintainsaid plate 34 out of contact with said arm 34 and spaced from the lattera distance greater than the diameter of said pins 33*. The free end ofsaid plate 34 projects below the plane of the upper ends of said pinsand accordingly into the paths of the latter, being dis osed in the pathof any particular pin by a justing said arm 34 either toward or awayfrom the axis of rotation of the camera. The lever 39 is pivotallymounted between its ends at 39 on a part of the frame work and at itsinner end catch 44.

is pivotally secured to a longitudinally slotted sliding plate 37,through the slots 37 of which screws pass into the bottom wall of thecamera, said screws serving as guides for said plate. The latter ismovable in a direction parallel with the plane in which said arm 34swings, and is provided with a projection 37 b having a slot 37 disposedtransversely to the slots 37 and through which the lower ends of the arm34 and plate 34 project, so that by turning said lever 39 and. throwingsaid plate 37 in either direction the said arm 34 will be swung into thepaths of the different pins 33. The said arm 34 is also free to swingforward of the position shown in Fig. 1 and projects into the recessbetween. two arms 35 on the link 35 the rearmost arm 35 serving to carrythe free end of said arm 34 and the plate 34 forward with said link 35.O11 the latter is a pin 35 to which one end of the spring 35 is secured,said pin serving also to coact with the lever 40 to control thediaphragm opening of the camera. The said lever 40 is pivotally securedbetween its ends at 40 to a part of the framework and at its inner endis provided with a projection 40 the extreme free end of which isstepped to provide five shoulders 40 which are adapted to be disposed inthe path of said pin 35 to limit the forward movement of said link 35,the latter being adapted to travel its full limit when said stepped endof said lever 40 is turned entirely out of the path of said pin 35 andto travel only a fraction of its limit in accordance with the degree towhich said lever 40 is turned in a direction to throw said stepped endthereof into the path of said pin.

The operation of my camera is as follows: The camera proper istelescopically inserted into the casing 74, the latter being open at itsforward end and said camera being held in place therein by means of asuitable spring Before inserting the same, however, the film spool 50 ismounted on the pivots provided therefor, one of said pivots beingdisposed on the free end portion of a flat spring 60 in the usualmanner. The web on which the film is mounted is then trained over theidler 49 and drum 46 against which it is )ressed by the idler 47 andsecured in the usua manner to the spool 51. After inserting the cameraproper into its casing, the film is advanced by revolving the spool 51by means of a key adapted to engage the square shank 53 of the shaft 52which is loose with relation to the spur-gear 30 and clutch 54 until thenumber 1 appears opposite the opening 73 in the casing, said openinghaving red glass disposed therein. At this time the front edge of thefilm will be disposed oppol site the rear end of the light shaft 16.

The motor having been wound up by means of a key in the usual manner,and the instrument mounted on the tripod, all is in readiness to take apicture. Assuming that the day is very bright and sunny and a view foundwhich the operator desires to photograph, the next steps consist inadjusting the time and intensity of exposure and the length of thepicture. The day being bright, the duration of exposure must be minimum.Accordingly the lever 42 is set to register with the recess 42 of theslot 42 numberer 6 thereby so positioning the arm 42 thereof as topermit the governor to open fully and thus allow the motor to run atmaximum speed. Next the lever 40 is set to register with the recess 72of the slot 71 numbered 1 thereby throwing the lug or projection of thestepped inner end thereof which is farthest removed from the pivot ofsaid lever 40 into the path of the pin 35 of the link 35 and thuslimiting the forward movement of the latter and consequently the openingof the shutter 55 to the minimum. Next the lever 39 is set to registerwith one of the recesses 38 of the slot according with the multiple ofexposure areas which the photograph is desired to cover. Assuming thatthe operator desires to photograph the view through an arc of about 130degrees the said lever is setto register with recess 38 numbered 3 thepicture thus covering a film area equal to three 4x5 exposures, or atotal of 5x12 inches. All being new in readiness, the starting lever 43is depressed, thus releasing the brake from the motor and throwing thearm 53 out of the path of the projection 35 of the link 35 whichinstantly springs forward and opens the shutter 55. At the same time,the projection 35 of the link 35 throws the arm 34 the plate 34 of whichis now disposed in the path of one of the pins 33 of the turn-table 33,forward, the said arm 34 having been previously moved laterally into thepath of the proper pin by adjustment of the lever 39. The camera nowrevolves at a uniform speed, the lens traveling in one direction and thefilm traveling with equal speed in the opposite direction so that ineffect the film remains fixed with relation to the tripod while the lenstravels. Each part of the surface of the film is thus progressivelyexposed in exact ratio to the speed of travel of the lens and thus eachpart of the view being photographed is recorded on the film, no partbeing repeated or omitted.

The film must travel through as great a distance in the same length oftime as the lens. During this time the arm 53 rests upon the projection35 and maintains the brake released from the motor. As the cameraapproaches the other end of the arc of travel to which it has beenlimited by adjustment of the lever 39, the pin 33 which is in realitydisposed in the path of the plate 34 of the arm 34 strikes the latterand throws said plate against said arm the rearward limit of itsmovement.

thus stopping the latter. The camera continues to revolve, however,against the action of the spring 35 thus throwing said arm 34 and saidlink 35 back to the rearward limits of their movement, thereby closingthe shutter 55 and throwing the projection 35 of the link 35 out of thepath of the arm 58 which by the action of the spring 59 drops and thusalso throws the brake on the motor, although the latter is stopped assoon as said arm 34 reaches Should the operator now desire to takeanother picture, he must, after placing his tripod in proper position,move the lever 39 to another position depending upon the desired lengthof his next picture. If he desires the latter to cover only a single 4x5area, he moves said lever to register with recess 4. If he desires totake a picture covering three 4x5 areas, he moves said lever to registerwith the recess 6. If he desires his next picture to cover six 4X5areas, he must move said lever to either of the recesses 2 or 4 and thenback to recess 3. This is necessary in order to permit the plate 34 tobe sprung to the forward limit of its movement and be brought behind andout of the path of the pin 33 with which it was in engagement. Duringthis time the motor is held fast by the brake but by now againdepressing the lever 43 the motor is started and causes the camera tomake a complete revolution, thus producing a picture extending throughan arc of three hundred and sixty degrees.

The speed of travel of the film is controlled entirely by the drum 46the surface speed of which is equal to the speed of travel of the lens,this being determined by the size of pinion 31 employed. The use ofcompensating gears usually employed in cameras of this character isconsequently entirely avoided and the troubles due thereto are obviated.The said pinion 31 is rendered interchangeable so that lenses ofdifferent focal lengths may be employed. If for example a lens having afocal length of seven inches is substituted for a lens having a focallength of six inches, such lens must be set one inch farther from theplane of travel of the film than the six inch lens. Hence, thesubstituted lens travels farther through a given angle and consequentlythe gearing controlling the movement of the film must be changed so thatthe latter will travel the additional distance in the same time as it iscovered by the new lens, a smaller pinion 31 being, therefore,substituted.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revoluble on its support andequipped with film feeding means, a motor common to said camera body andsaid film feeding means to actuate the same in unison, a governorcontrolling said motor, hand-lever actuated means controlling saidgovernor to regulate the speed of said motor, and means maintaining saidhand-lever at predetermined points between the limits of its movement,whereby the period of exposure of the film is regulated.

2. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted on itssupport, a. motor actuating the same, speed regulating means disposed inoperative relation to said. motor, a brake controlling said speedregulating means, a hand-lever controlling said brake, said hand-leverand said camera body being equipped with coacting means for maintainingsaid lever at different points between the limits of its movement tomaintain said motor at different predetermined speeds to regulate theperiod of exposure of the film, film feeding means disposed on saidcamera body and variable gearing between the latter and said motorwhereby a length of film corresponding to the distance of travel of thecamera lens is fed during the same interval.

3. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted on itssupport, a motor actuating the same, speed regulating means disposed inoperative relation to said motor, a brake controlling the same, ahand-lever controlling said brake, said hand-lever and said camera bodybeing equipped with coacting means for maintaining said lever atdifferent points between the limits of its movement to maintain saidmotor at different predetermined speeds to regulate the period ofexposure of the film, film feeding means disposed on said camera body,and gearing between the latter and said motor.

4. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted on itssupport, film feeding means disposed thereon, a motor common to saidcamera body and said film feeding means to actuate the same in unison,speed regulating means disposed in operative relation to said motor, anda hand-lever actuated brake controlling said speed regulating means,said hand-lever and said camera body being equipped with coacting meansfor maintaining said lever at different points between the limits of itsmovement to maintain said motor at different predetermined speeds toregulate the period of exposure of the film.

5. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted on itssupport, film feedingmeans disposed thereon, a motor common to saidcamera body and said film feeding means to actuate the same in unison,speed regulating means disposed in operative relation to said motor, ahand-lever actuated brake controlling said speed regulating means, saidhand-lever and said camera body being equipped with coacting means formaintaming said lever at different points between the limits of itsmovement to maintain said motor at different predetermined speeds toregulate the period of exposure of the film, and stopping and startingmeans disposed in operative relation to said motor.

6. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted on itssupport, a motor actuating the same, speed regulating means disposed inoperative relation to said motor, and including a revoluble memberactuated through the intermediacy of centrifugal force to movelongitudinally on its support, an adjustable stop disposed in the pathof said revoluble member, and a hand lever controlling said stop, saidhand-lever and said camera body being equipped with eoacting means formaintaining said lever at different points between the limits of itsmovement to maintain said motor at different predetermined speeds toregulate the period of exposure of the film.

T In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted on its support,a motor I u a: disposed 111 operative relation to said motor andcomprising a ball governor, a disk actuated thereby and adapted to bemoved longitudinally on its support as the arms of said governordiverge, an adjustable stop disposed in the path of said disk, and ahand.- lever controlling said step, said hand-lever and said camera bodybeing equipped with coacting means for maintaining said lever atdifferent points between the limits of its movement to maintain. saidmotor at differ ent predetermined speeds to regulate the period. ofexposure of the film.

8. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revoluble on a support, aspur-gear rigid on actuating the same, speed re ulating means saidsupport and disposed concentric with the axis of rotation of said camerabody, a motor carried by the latter, a vertical shaft actuated therebyand carrying a pinion at its lower end, said pinion beinginterchangeable, an idle spur-gear meshing with said pinion, anadjustable member carrying said idle gear, and a pinion rigid with saididle gear and meshing with said first named spurgear to impart motion tosaid camera body.

9. In a camera, a single member com prising simultaneously he diaphragmand. shutter disposed behind the lens, regulating means disposed inoperative relation to said member to limit the opening movement thereof,a hand-lever controlling said. regulating means, a spring actuatingsaid. mem ber to move the same in one direction, and means actuatingsaid member to move the same in the other direction against the actionof said spring.

10. In a camera, a single member comprising simultaneously the diaphragmand shutter disposed behind the lens, regulating means disposed inoperative relation to said member to limit the opening movement thereof,a hand-lever controlling said regu- -move the same in the otherdirection. against the action of said spring, said last named meansbeing hand-controlled.

12. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted on itssupport, said bod) having a narrow light-shaft in. alinement with thelens, film feeding means disposed on said camera body, a shutterdisposed in said light-shaft and controlling the penetration. of rays tosaid film,'regulating means disposed in operative relation to saidshutter to eontrol the opening movement thereof, a motor common to andactuating said camera body and said film feeding means, actuating meansdisposed in operative relation to said shutter to open and close thesame, said lastnamed means including said motor, and hand-actuated meanscomn'lon to said motor and said shutter-actuating means to control themovements thereof.

13. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted. on itssupport, film feeding means carried thereby, a light-shaft dis posed inalinement with the lens and laterally past the rear end of which thefilm travels, a shutter in said light-shaft controlling the exposure ofsaid film, a motor common to and actuating said camera body and saidlilm feeding means, actuating means including said motor disposed inoperative relation. to said shutter, and hand-controlled controllingmeans common to and disposed in operative relation to said motor andsaid sh utter, and serving when actuated to sinrultaneously start themotor and open said shutter.

14. In a panoramic camera, a camera body revolubly mounted on itssupport, film feeding means carried thereby, a light-shaft disposed inalinement with. the lens and. laterally past the rear end of which thefilm. travels, a shutter in said light-shaft controlling the exposure ofsaid film, a motor common. to and actuating said camera body and saidfilm feeding means, actuating means including said motor disposed in'operative relation to said shutter, and haml-controlled controllingmeans common to and disposed in opertive relation to said motor and saidshutter, and serving when actuated to simultaneously start the motor andopen said shutter, speed regulating means disposed in operative relationto said motor, and a hand-lever controlling the same.

15. In a panoramic camera, a turn-table, a camera body revolublydisposed thereon, a motor carried by said camera body, film feedingmeans disposed on said camera body, gearing between said motor and saidturntable through the intermediacy of said film feeding means, stopsdisposed on said turntable at varying distances from the axis ofrotation of said camera body, a stop-lever disposed on the latter, ahand-lever controlling said stop-lever to throw the same into positionsto bring any one of said stops into the path thereof, andhand-controlled starting means disposed in operative relation to saidmotor.

16. In a panoramic camera, a turn-table, a camera body revolubly mountedthereon, a motor carried by said camera body, a plurality of stopsdisposed on said turn-table at varying distances from the center thereofand at intervals peripherally thereof, a motor actuating said camerabody, an adjustable stop-lever on the latter, and a hand-levercontrolling said stop-lever to throw the same into the path of any oneof said stops on said turn-table to limit the movement of said camera toany desired arc.

17. In a panoramic camera, a turn-table, a camera body revolubly mountedthereon, a motor carried by said camera body, a plurality of stopsdisposed on said turn-table at varying distances from the center thereofand at intervals peripherally thereof, a motor actuating said camerabody, an adjust-- able stop-lever on the latter, and a hand-levercontrolling said stop-lever to throw the same into the path of any oneof said stops on said turn-table to limit the movement of said camera toany desired arc, film feeding means disposed on said camera body andactuated by said motor, a shutter disposed between the film and the lensin said camera, a spring maintaining said shutter normally open, andoperative connection between said shutter and said motor whereby theformer is operated against the action of said spring.

18. In a panoramic camera, a turntable, a camera body revolubly mountedthereon, a motor carried by said camera body a plurality of stopsdisposed on said turn-table at varying distances from the center thereofand at intervals peripherally thereof, a motor actuating said camerabody, an adjust able stop-lever on the latter, and a hand-le vercontrolling said stop-lever to throw the same into the path of any oneof said stops on said turn-table to limit the movement of said camera toany desired arc, film feeding means disposed on said camera body andactuated by said motor, a shutter disposed between the film and lens insaid camera, a spring maintaining said shutter normally 0 en, andoperative connection between said s utter and said motor whereby theformer is 0 aerated against the action of said spring, said last namedconnection including said stop-lever.

19. In a panoramic camera, a turn-table, a camera body revolubly mountedthereon, a motor actuatingthe same, adjustable stopping means disposedon said camera body, stops on said turn-table coacting with saidstopping means to limit the arc of movement of said camera body withrelation thereto, a hand-lever controlling said stopping means, ashutter, spring actuated means holding said shutter normally open, atrip-lever holding said shutter closed against the action of saidspring, a brake engaging a part driven by said motor to normallymaintain the latter stopped, hand-controlled means common to said brakeand said trip-lever to simultaneously release the same, and meansactuated by said motor through the intermediacy of said stopping meansclosing said shutter against the action ofsaid spring.

20. In a panoramic camera, a turn-table, a camera body revolubly mountedthereon, a motor actuating the same, adjustable stopping means disposedon said camera body, stops on said turn-table coacting with saidstopping means to limit the arc of movement of said camera body withrelation thereto, a hand-lever controlling said stopping means, ashutter, spring actuated means holding said shutter normally open, atrip-lever holding said shutter closed against the action of saidspring, an adjustable stop disposed in operatlve relation to the shutteropening devices .to limit the opening movement thereof, a

brake engaging a part driven by said motor to normally maintain thelatter stopped, hand controlled means common to said brake and said triplever to simultaneously release the same, and means actuated by saidmotor through the intermediacy of said stopping means closing saidshutter against the action of said spring.

21. In a panoramic camera, a turn-table, a camera body revolubly mountedthereon, a motor actuating the same, adjustable stopping means disposedon said camera body, stops on said turn-table coacting with saidstopping means to limit the arc of movement of said camera body withrelation thereto, a hand-lever controlling said stopping means, ashutter, spring actuated means holding said shutter normally open, atrip-lever holding said shutter closed against the action of saidspring, an adjustable stop disposed in operative relation'to the shutteropening devices to limit the opening movement thereof, a hand-levercontrolling said stop, a brake engaging a part driven by said motor tonormally maintain the latter stopped, hand-com trolled means common tosaid brake and said trip-lever to simultaneously release the same, andmeans actuated by said motor through the intermediacy of said stoppingmeans closing said shutter against the action of said spring.

22. In a panoramic camera, a turn-table, a camera body revolubly mountedthereon, stopping means disposed in operative relation to said camerabody and said turn-table to limit the movement of said camera bodythereon, hand-controlled means controlling said stopping means, filmfeeding means disposed on said camera body, a motor common to saidcamera body and said film feeding means to simultaneously actuate thesame, speed regulating means disposed in operative relation to saidmotor, a hand lever controlling the same, a'shutter, spring actuatedmeans maintaining said shutter normally open, a trip-lever disposed inoperative relation to and maintaining said spring actuated meansnormally in position to close said shutter, an adjustable stop disposedin the path of said spring actuated means to limit the opening movementof said shutter, a hand-lever controlling said stop, said motor and saidstopping means being adapted to close said shutter against the action ofsaid spring actuated means, a brake disposed in operative relation tothe motor to maintain the same normally at rest, and hand controlledmeans common to said brake and said trip-lever to simultaneously releasethe same to start the motor and open said shutter.

23. In a panoramic camera, motor ac tuated film feeding devicescomprising a driven drum over which the film is trained, a take-up reel,and a driven spring controlled friction clutch disposed in operativerelation to and actuating said take-u p reel, the latter being capableof free movement relatively to said clutch.

24. In a panoramic camera, motor actuated film feeding devicescomprising a driven drum over Which the film is trained, L

a spring-pressed idler holding said film firmly in frictional contactWith said drum, a takeup reel, and a driven spring actuated clutchingmember engaging said reel.

25. In a panoramic camera, motor actuated film feeding devicescomprising a driven drum over Which the film is trained, a springpressedidler holding said film firmly in frictional contact with said drum, atakeup reel, and a driven spring-controlled clutch disposed in operativerelation to and actuat ing said take-up reel.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name in presence of twosubscribing Witnesses.

JAMES S. STEIVART.

I/Vitnesses:

T. FOSTER THOMAS, Josnrn M0001.

